Why girls should know their blood group?

There are four type of blood groups in human body that is – A, B, AB and O. Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents.

There are four type of blood groups

Each group can be either Rh positive or Rh negative, which means total blood groups are eight.

Antibodies and antigens Of the Blood

Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a liquid called plasma. Blood group is identified by antibodies and antigens in the blood.

Antibodies are proteins found in plasma. They’re part of the body’s natural defences. They recognise foreign substances, such as germs, and alert your immune system, which destroys them.

Antigens are protein molecules found on the surface of red blood cells.

Rh Factor in the Blood Groups

Rh factor is an antigen present in RBC. This antigen was discovered by Landsteiner and Wiener. It was first discovered in Rhesus monkey and hence the name ‘Rh factor’. There are many Rh antigens but only the D(this is a protein molecules found surface of red blood cells) antigen is more antigenic in human.

The persons having D antigen are called ‘Rh positive and those without D antigen are called ‘Rh negative Among Indian population, 85% of people are Rh positive and 15% are Rh negative. 

Rh group system is different from ABO group system because, the antigen D does not have corresponding natural antibody (anti-D). However, if Rh positive blood is transfused to a Rh negative person anti-D is developed in that person.

On the other hand, there is no risk of complications if the Rh positive person receives Rh negative blood.

ABO BLOOD GROUPS

Determination of ABO blood groups depends upon the immunological reaction between antigen and antibody. Landsteiner found two antigens on the surface of RBCs and named them as A antigen and B antigen.

ABO SYSTEM

Based on the presence or absence of antigen A and antigen B, blood is divided into four groups:

1. ‘A’ group

2. ‘B’ group

3. ‘AB’ group

4. ‘O’ group.

Blood having antigen A belongs to ‘A’ group. This blood has ß-antibody in the serum. Blood with antigen B and a-antibody belongs to ‘B’ group. If both the antigens are present, blood group is called ‘AB’ group and serum of this group does not contain any antibody.

If both antigens are absent, the blood group is called ‘O’ group and both a and ß antibodies are present in the serum. Antigens and antibodies present in different groups of ABO system Percentage of people among Asian and European population belonging to different blood group

‘A’ group has two subgroups namely ‘A,’ and ‘A’. Similarly ‘AB’ group has two subgroups namely ‘A,B’ and ‘A,B’.

Blood groups Types

 

A positive means that your blood contains type-A antigens with the presence of a protein called the rhesus (Rh) factor.

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with A+ Blood group can donate blood to

A+ AB+ :

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with A+ Blood group can receive blood from :

A+, A-, O+, O-

 

A negative platelets are particularly important because they can be given to people from all blood groups. That’s why A negative platelets are called the universal platelet type’

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with A- Blood group can donate blood to:

A+, AB+, B+, AB-

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with A- Blood group can receive blood from :

A-, O-

 

B positive is an important blood type for treating people with sickle cell disease and thalassemia who need regular transfusions.

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with B+ Blood group can donate blood to:

B+ AB+:

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with B+ Blood group can receive blood from :

A+, A-, O+, O-

 

B negative blood is one of the rarest blood types as just 2% of our blood donors have it.

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with B- Blood group can donate blood to:

A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with B- Blood group can receive blood from :

B-, O-

 

AB positive blood has both A and B antigens at the surface of the red blood cells. People with type AB+ blood are universal recipients.

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with AB+ Blood group can donate blood to:

AB+

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with AB+ Blood group can receive blood from :

A-, A+, B-, B+ AB-, AB+, O-, O+

 

AB negative blood type can receive red blood cells from all negative blood types

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with AB- Blood group can donate blood to:

AB+, AB-

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with AB- Blood group can receive blood from:

A-, O-, AB-, B-

 

O Positive red blood cells can be transfused to any positive blood types, so it’s still one of the most in-demand blood types.

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with O+ Blood group can donate blood to:

A+, B+, AB+, O+

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with O+ Blood group can receive blood from :

O+, O-

 

O negative is the universal blood type.lt is the safest blood for transfusions for immune deficient newborns.

DONATE BLOOD TO

People with O- Blood group can donate blood to:

A+, A-, AB-, AB+, B-, B+, O-, O+

RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

People with O- Blood group can receive blood from :

O-

Negative blood group for female is very dangerous in pregnancy. When a mother is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive (the Rh factor being inherited from the father), usually the first child escapes the complications of Rh incompatibility. This is because the Rh antigen cannot pass from fetal blood into the mother’s blood through the placental barrier.

So female should know about your blood group because lack of awareness many babies can die.

May soon make my own blog on Rh incompatibility

Know all about Rh incompatibility go with this video link